Studying for the Term One Biology Final

This test is based on the information from pages 1-54. For your test, you should be familiar with the following areas:

Section 1, Unit 1.1

• What is food?

  • The solids you eat and liquids you drink

  • they contain nutrients

  • Nutrients include (7 things): protein, carbs, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

• What functions do foods perform (3 functions)?

  • build and repair tissues

  • produce energy

  • regulate metabolism

• Foods that build and repair body tissue

  • protein

  • build and repair tissues

  • promote growth by providing material needed for cells to grow and develop

  • promote wound healing

  • examples: meat, cheese, fish, nuts, eggs, beans, tofu

• Foods that provide energy (2 kinds)

  • carbohydrates are used first

  • examples of carbohydrate rich foods (2 types of examples)

    • foods containing starches: bread, pasta, potatoes, rice

    • foods containing sugars: fruits, syrups, jams

  • lipids are also used for energy, but they are burned after carbs

  • examples of lipids: found in fatty foods such as butter, cream, cooking oil, fat

• Metabolism

  • the series of chemical reactions that keeps your body alive and healthy

    • includes everything from eating your food, to how nutrients are extracted and filter into the blood, to how blood gets circulated around the body and those nutrients get used up

• Foods that regulate metabolism (4 things)

  • vitamins

  • minerals

  • dietary fibre

  • water

Functions of different foods

Know that many foods are actually compound, they are made up of a combination of all the above elements.

*** Make sure you are able to answer the REVIEW questions on page 20 in your text book. ***

Unit 1.1.2

Qualitative and Quantitative nutritional needs

• qualitative nutritional needs

  • is the variety/types of foods you need

  • refers to a description, qual. needs tell us something about what you should be eating, it describes or categorises it in some way

  • Examples of qualitative statements: 'Beef is considered to be protein OR in the meat and alternatives group.' In this sentence, the part that is qualitative has been underlined.

• There are two ways I might ask you to describe food qualitatively (2 ways)

  • using the function of the food

    • examples: protein, carb, etc.

  • using the food group classification

    • examples: milk and milk products, meat & alternatives, bread and cereals, etc.

• quantitative nutritional needs

  • is the amount of different foods you need

  • it refers to some sort of measurement of food, either a weight, number of portions or serving size

  • Examples of quantitative statements: 'An adolescent's daily protein needs are 2g/kg of body weight OR 2 servings from the meat and alternatives food group.' In this sentence, the part that is quantitative has been underlined.

• Be familiar with the chart on page 22 in your text book. You do not need to memorise the numbers, but you should have a general idea that

  • protein is measured according to your body weight

  • example: 2g/kg of body weight

  • you need more carbohydrates (500 g) than lipids (75 g)

  • you need to drink between 2-3 litres of water a day

• Know that fat has the most energy (measured in kJ)

• Know that adolescents need 12 800 kJ a day

• Be familiar with the food guide chart on p 23, know the different groups, and how many servings a day you should be eating. You should know examples of each of the groups.

*** Make sure you can answer the questions on page 28! ***