Studying, Term One: Removing nutrients from food

1.1.3 The Function of Oxygen (O₂) in Nutrtion

• Air is made up of three different elements

  • You must know the two that affect a human's health. They are (2 elements):

    • carbon dioxide

    • oxygen

Air is actually a compound gas made up of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

• The function of oxygen in nutrition

  • cells get their energy from nutrients

  • these nutrients are in the blood

  • oxygen helps release the nutrients

  • oxygen is what allows us to metabolise carbs, protein and lipids

  • this releases the energy found in carbs, proteins and lipids

  • there is a waste product produced

  • it is carbon dioxide

• the process of

  • oxygen breaking down the bonds

  • nutrients are released

  • the body is able to use them for energy

  • carbon dioxide is created because of this process

  • happens all the time in our body

• when we exercise more

  • we metabolise nutrients at a faster rate

  • the body heats up

  • we need more nutrients

  • we then need more oxygen to break down the nutrients fast enough

  • we start to breath faster

*** Be able to answer the Review questions on page 33 of your textbook***

*****Try out the Evaluation questions on pages 34 and 35 for practice*****

Section 1, Unit 2 Transformation and selection of intake

1. Locating the parts of the human digestive system

• know that the human digestive system is made up of two MAIN parts (2 parts)

  • a tube – the digestive tract

    • this is what the food passes through

  • glands – the digestive glands

    • glands are where chemicals are produced in the body to help break down food

• know the 5 parts of the digestive tract (from mouth to anus) (5 parts)

  • the mouth

    • where food enters the body

    • contains the teeth and tongue

  • the esophagus

    • connects the mouth to the stomach

    • long, flattish tube

  • the stomach

    • located between the esophagus and small intestine

    • resembles a j-shaped bag

  • the small intestine

    • between the stomach and the large intestine

  • the large intestine or colon

    • between the small intestine and the rectum

• Know the 5 digestive glands

  • the salivary glands

    • in the mouth

  • the gastric glands

    • in the stomach

  • the liver

    • at the same level as the stomach

  • the pancreas

    • below the stomach

  • the intestinal glands

    • in the intestine

Be able to place these on a diagram – study page 40

***Be able to answer the review questions on page 42***

*****Know the Organ, Action and Result columns of the table on page 52 – For the small intestine, all you need to know for chemical Result is that digestion is completed in the small intestine *****

Know the main steps (mechanical and chemical) in the digestive process

Studying for the Term One Biology Final

This test is based on the information from pages 1-54. For your test, you should be familiar with the following areas:

Section 1, Unit 1.1

• What is food?

  • The solids you eat and liquids you drink

  • they contain nutrients

  • Nutrients include (7 things): protein, carbs, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

• What functions do foods perform (3 functions)?

  • build and repair tissues

  • produce energy

  • regulate metabolism

• Foods that build and repair body tissue

  • protein

  • build and repair tissues

  • promote growth by providing material needed for cells to grow and develop

  • promote wound healing

  • examples: meat, cheese, fish, nuts, eggs, beans, tofu

• Foods that provide energy (2 kinds)

  • carbohydrates are used first

  • examples of carbohydrate rich foods (2 types of examples)

    • foods containing starches: bread, pasta, potatoes, rice

    • foods containing sugars: fruits, syrups, jams

  • lipids are also used for energy, but they are burned after carbs

  • examples of lipids: found in fatty foods such as butter, cream, cooking oil, fat

• Metabolism

  • the series of chemical reactions that keeps your body alive and healthy

    • includes everything from eating your food, to how nutrients are extracted and filter into the blood, to how blood gets circulated around the body and those nutrients get used up

• Foods that regulate metabolism (4 things)

  • vitamins

  • minerals

  • dietary fibre

  • water

Functions of different foods

Know that many foods are actually compound, they are made up of a combination of all the above elements.

*** Make sure you are able to answer the REVIEW questions on page 20 in your text book. ***

Unit 1.1.2

Qualitative and Quantitative nutritional needs

• qualitative nutritional needs

  • is the variety/types of foods you need

  • refers to a description, qual. needs tell us something about what you should be eating, it describes or categorises it in some way

  • Examples of qualitative statements: 'Beef is considered to be protein OR in the meat and alternatives group.' In this sentence, the part that is qualitative has been underlined.

• There are two ways I might ask you to describe food qualitatively (2 ways)

  • using the function of the food

    • examples: protein, carb, etc.

  • using the food group classification

    • examples: milk and milk products, meat & alternatives, bread and cereals, etc.

• quantitative nutritional needs

  • is the amount of different foods you need

  • it refers to some sort of measurement of food, either a weight, number of portions or serving size

  • Examples of quantitative statements: 'An adolescent's daily protein needs are 2g/kg of body weight OR 2 servings from the meat and alternatives food group.' In this sentence, the part that is quantitative has been underlined.

• Be familiar with the chart on page 22 in your text book. You do not need to memorise the numbers, but you should have a general idea that

  • protein is measured according to your body weight

  • example: 2g/kg of body weight

  • you need more carbohydrates (500 g) than lipids (75 g)

  • you need to drink between 2-3 litres of water a day

• Know that fat has the most energy (measured in kJ)

• Know that adolescents need 12 800 kJ a day

• Be familiar with the food guide chart on p 23, know the different groups, and how many servings a day you should be eating. You should know examples of each of the groups.

*** Make sure you can answer the questions on page 28! ***

RECUP!

Recuperation is a chance for you to ask questions and get extra help in studying for your final Term One test. Make noted of these times, and show up with your books at room A2-16. If for some reason you cannot make it during these times, please see me during school time or send me an e-mail to arrange a time.

Tuesday November 1 AFTER SCHOOL

Wednesday November 2 LUNCH

Thursday November 3 AFTER SCHOOL

Good luck!

Tests and Quizzes for Section One (Terms One and Two)

Secondary Three Human Biology
Quizzes and Tests

This is the listing of quizzes and tests for Section One, which will take up Terms One and Two. This list is intended to help you figure out when you can expect a quiz or test. The page number indicates that, once we have reached that page, we will be having a quiz or test shortly thereafter. It may be a brief open-book pop quiz using your notes, or it may be something more intensive that will require some study in advance, such as the Unit Tests.

p.34 Final Unit Test 1.1

• Review pp. 24-28 in workbook

p. 42 Quiz 1.2.1

• Review pp. 30-32 in workbook

p. 47 Quiz 1.2.2 a (up to and including D)

• Review pp. 36-38 in workbook

• Review p. 54, #1-5 in textbook

p. 54 Quiz 1.2.2 b

• Review p. 54, #6-10 in textbook

p. 54 Mid-Unit Test 1.2

• Review pp. 36-38 in workbook

p. 68 Quiz 1.2.3

• Review p. 42 in workbook

p.75 Quiz 1.2.4

• Review pp. 43-44 in workbook

p.85 Quiz 1.2.5

• Review p. 46 in workbook

p. 101 Quiz 1.2.6

• Review p. 47 in workbook

p. 101 Final Unit Test 1.2

• Review pp. 48-51 in workbook

p. 108 Quiz 1.3.1 (A, B, C)

• Review p. 113 #1&2, p. 114 #3, p 116 #11, p. 117 #1-5 in textbook

p.118 Quiz 1.3.1

• Review p. 114 #4&5, p. 115, p. 117 #12, p. 118 #6-10 in textbook

p. 134 Quiz 1.3.2

• Review pp. 61-63 in workbook

p. 150 Quiz 1.3.3

• Review pp. 67-68 in workbook

p. 150 Final Unit Test 1.3

• Review pp. 70-72 in workbook

p.167 Quiz 1.4.1

• Review pp. 85-87 in workbook

p. 178 Quiz 1.4.2

• Review p. 88 in workbook

p. 186 Quiz 1.5.1

• Review pp. 98-99 in workbook

p. 197 Quiz 1.5.2 and 1.5.3

• Review p. 102 and p. 105 in workbook

p. 199 Final Unit Test 1.5

• Review pp. 89-90, 106-107 in workbook

p.208 Quiz 1.6.1

• Review p. 113 in workbook

p.220 Quiz 1.6.2

• Review p. 113 in workbook

p.220 Final Section Test: Units 1.1-1.6

• Review pp. 114-116 in workbook

Ms. Hampson's Biology Class

This will be where I post updates for our class. Check here if you are absent!!

Ms. Hampson